The root: The root of the hair is anchored in the scalp. At the base of the hair root is the bulb, irrigated by the scalp blood vessels, which provide the nutritous elements necessary for the growth of the hair.
Healthy hair root
Each root has one or more sebaceous glands, which secretes sebum (sebum lubricates the hair stem and covers it with a protective film). When the sebaceous glands are healthy and function normally, this natural oil is essential for coating the hair and keeping it soft and keeping the scalp in a healthy state.
Normal healthy scalp
Sometimes however, the normal function of these glands is thrown into imbalance. Too much sebum can make the hair look "greasy and wet"; it is unpleasant to touch and worst of all, unattractive: this is what is called seborrhea.
Oily scalp
The hair looses its shine and softness, sticking together in clumps: sometimes seborrhea causes dandruff. Eventually, the hair dies off without being replaced.
Unhealthy weak root
Alternatively, a lack of sebum results in a dry scalp, with hair that is fragile and easily broken.
Dry scalp
Dry, damaged hair shaft
The shaft: The shaft is the visible part of the hair consisting of soft fibres protected by keratin scales. In cases of ill treatment, the scales, which are normally smoothed, are raised. This makes the hair look dull; in addition, it becomes vunerable because it is porous.
Smooth, healthy hair shaft
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